“Students experimenting, building, failing, and learning is now the norm”| Prof. Mohanasankar S, EE

Episode Summary

This episode of the Best Place to Build podcast is about the groundbreaking medical research and medical devices being created at IIT Madras. Watch as Amrut sits down for a conversation with Prof. Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam about the two exciting labs he is supervising - the HTIC lab and the Sudha Gopalakrishnan Brain Centre. Discover how the Brain Centre is creating the world's most comprehensive brain mapping project - slicing brain tissue at just 1/10th of a human hair and imaging at 1/100th resolution!

Prof. Mohan shares the incredible engineering challenges behind this work - from preserving delicate brain tissue to processing petabytes (for reference: 1 petabyte is 1000 tetrabytes) of data. We also explore HTIC's mission to develop indigenous medical technologies in India, including their Mobile Cataract Surgery Unit, which is bringing access to safe cataract surgery to the rural areas.

Also, find out why IIT Madras has become a hotbed for innovation, how patents drive research commercialisation, and why giving students "absolute freedom to experiment" creates tomorrow's pioneers.

Amrut’s Comment

Key Highlights

[00:01:38] The Sudha Gopalakrishnan Brain Centre: Origin story

[00:02:39] Imaging the Human Brain: The challenges involved

[00:03:06] The Brain Centre: The most advanced technology platform to map the human brain

[00:04:38] Human Brain Imaging: Engineering and Computational challenges 

[00:09:28] The Human Brain in Detail: The kind of research this unlocks

[00:13:34] Multi-disciplinary and Inter-disciplinary: Collaborations at a global level

[00:17:43] HTIC: Solving for lack of indigenous med tech products

[00:22:36] Funding for the Centres: HTIC and the Brain Centre

[00:24:11] What is HTIC: Challenges and Achievements

[00:28:16] Trusting Indian Products: Encouraging buyers to trust indigenous medical devices

[00:30:12] Economics of Healthcare in India: Importing is possible due to patient volume

[00:32:03] Mobile Eye Surgery Unit (MESU): Origin and solving the problem of access

[00:39:14] Prof. Mohan as Faculty: Electrical Engineering, Instrumentation and Biomedical Electronic Systems

[00:40:09] Electrical Engineering: Building solutions and products

[00:42:15] Evolution of Electrical Engineering: Medical devices and healthcare

[00:44:01] Building at CFI: An interdisciplinary approach 

[00:45:36] Free Electives in Curriculum: Encourage students to explore courses

[00:49:01] PatentSystem: Intellectual Property and publishing papers

[00:52:56] Viable and Sustainable R&D: Justify investments in R&D

[00:55:30] Global Patenting and Commercialisation: Navigating regulation across countries

[00:57:30] Patents and Research: The extent and likelihood of student involvement

[01:02:06] Change in Dynamics: From student and teacher to collaborators

[01:05:31] Research Labs in IITM: Opportunities for students

[01:06:03] Prof Mohan’s Journey: Return to India and working in an academic environment

[01:10:42] Research Labs: Attracting the right talent 

[01:18:59] Global Exposure and Future Prospects: Exchange students need to increase 

Institutions mentioned

[00:01:38] The Sudha Gopalakrishnan Brain Centre was created to map the human brain. 

[00:12:55] IIT Madras

[00:17:46] HTIC (Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre) was created to make indigenous medical technology devices available and affordable in India instead of importing them

[00:22:43] The Department of Biotech (DBT) provided the seed fund for the HTIC. 

[00:22:49] BIRAC (Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council) supported the incubator, which incubates startups

[00:23:22] The Principal Scientific Advisor’s Office took the first risk of developing the platform for the Brain Centre

[00:28:24] Sankara Nethralaya is the main buyer of the Mobile Cataract unit 

[00:44:05] CFI Centre for Innovation is the place to build in IIT Madras

[00:57:08] The Technology Transfer Office, which comes under ICSR is driving commercialisation of IP (Intellectual Property)

[01:04:53] Amrut’s father was a faculty member at IIT Kharagpur

People mentioned

[00:01:50] The Brain Centre was started because of Kris Gopalakrishnan, an alumnus of IIT Madras

[00:22:46] HTIC received seed funding during Dr. Maharaj Kishan Bhan’s tenure

[00:32:09] The mobile eye surgery unit started after a conversation with Dr. S S Badrinath

[00:35:48] Dr. Jayaraj Joseph was one of the key people who drove the development of the mobile eye surgery unit 

[00:36:02] Dr. Jayshankar Venkataraman and Dr. V Jagadeesh Kumar were also part of the mobile eye surgery unit

[00:40:24] Professor Ashok Jhunjhunwala and Professor Bhaskar Ramamurthi were leaders who defined their fields

[00:40:32] Professor Shanthi Pavan was also a leader in VSI

[00:40:38] Professor Radhakrishna Ganti is one of the younger batch of leaders in their field

Companies mentioned

Books & Other Media

Concepts & Models

[00:02:47] A Micron is 1/1000th of a millimetre. There are about a few hundred billion microns in the brain

[00:06:14] A single red blood cell in the body is about 5 to 10 microns

[00:07:11] The information of the entire adult human brain is a few Petabytes. A petabyte (PB) is a unit of digital data storage, equal to 1,000 terabytes (TB). 

Additional Links

Episode 17    |    83 Mins
Guest Bio

Professor Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam is a professor of Electrical Engineering at IIT Madras. He is also the head of the Sudha Gopalakrishnan Brain Centre and HTIC and is widely recognised as India’s top medical tech builder. He is also faculty and takes courses on Instrumentation and Biomedical Electronic Systems. He was conducting research on electronic chips in the United States and discovered the field of Biomedical research and devices.

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